Childhood story

The day started as a usual Saturday does when your eight years old, up at nine o'clock ready and raring to go for another exciting weekend full of promise. Jumping up and out of bed, pulling on my clothes and running straight downstairs forgetting about the more important things such as cleaning my teeth and getting a wash. I burst into my front room, turning the television on I walked into the kitchen. Grabbing my favourite bowl I poured in a generous helping of weetos, topping the bowl up with milk I re-entered the front room. Of course on the television were the same old children's cartoons that in wasted hours of my youthful life watching. Finishing off the cereal I just dumped my empty bowl on the nearest table. Sitting myself back down I heard my mum shouting my name from upstairs. I hurriedly went back up stairs to see what she was so desperate to talk to me about. Approaching her bedroom door I heard my sister wake up with a yawn. Today was her tenth birthday, it was quite unusual for her not be up before me especially on what I classed as the second most important day of the year! Of course the most important was Christmas! I entered my mums room, peering round the corner of her door I asked â€Å"what's the problem mum? † she beckoned me into the room putting her finger to her lips as if to say be quiet. I sat on the bed next to her. She whispered to me â€Å"do you remember what day it is? † and as I said earlier it was my sisters birthday. Later on that day I was downstairs glaring aimlessly at the pointless cartoons that have plagued televisions for years now. My sister came downstairs and entered the front room where I was sat. I had already wished her happy birthday by this time and she exclaimed, â€Å"have you seen what I've got for my birthday? To be honest I didn't really care but I didn't know then that one of her presents would change how I look for the rest of my life! She began to announce what she had been given â€Å"I've got some new dolls, hairbrushes, clothes and roller-skates† I wasn't at all interested in any of this stuff but I had to be polite, so I juts answered back â€Å"oh very nice† This encounter was the only thing of importance for a few hours. The next thing of interest was my sister had been trying her roller-skates on. She had been rolling up and down on the carpeted landing. When she had finished she left her skates dumped at the top of the stairs. I didn't even notice as I was lost in a game of sonic the hedgehog on my megadrive. It was about one o'clock when my mum shouted me down for dinner. I was really hungry and began to run down the landing. On the left hand side there was a four-foot wall to part the stairs from the landing. As I was only and still am quite small I couldn't see over the top bounding around the corner of this I stomped down onto the first step, from the second my foot hit something solid I could tell there was a problem. My foot went from underneath me and my body began to bounce down the stairs. Every time I hit the stairs another bruise appeared on my pale skin. As I fell I could see the radiator running down the right hand side of the wall at the bottom of the stairs. I knew what was going to happen but I was powerless to stop it. My head came crashing into the edge of the protruding radiator, cutting a deep hole into my skull. The pain hit me like a sledgehammer, blood filled my eyes as I began to scream. I could hardly see, everything was red, all I could make out were shapes. I heard people around me but that was the last thing I could remember. Four hours later I awoke in hospital with a big bandage around my head. The doctor was talking to my parents as I opened my eyes. They both saw me sitting up and ran straight over to me. Both were wrapping their arms around me. I asked what had happened, they explained to me my head had to glued and it would most probably scar! All I could think about though was the smell of Kentucky fried chicken coming from the bed next to me!

Kinesthetic Learning Style

One of the things I should consider as a kinesthetic learner is the fact that I absorb information better when it is hands-on (physically engaged in the activity of learning, i.e. lab setting). As such, I may have to utilize techniques to make my learning style coincide with an online course wherein the mode of instruction is mainly auditory and visual. It would be an advantage if the visual aspects invite interaction in the form of flash presentations wherein I as the student can actively participate. Kinesthetic learning although typified by physical processing through touch and sensory experience can still be present in online courses by mere participation through clicking and typing during the actual discussion. My attention and capacity to grasp the information would be enhanced by taking notes using a word processor due to the fact that I am able to learn the concept while keeping my body in active awareness of how my mind deciphers the information. In addition, taking down notes about the course as well as my thoughts during the online lecture would allow me to better retain the information (Interview with Laura Summers, 2000). I may have to explore beyond the actual contents of the course and see how they actually are by doing a bit of fieldwork so as to have first had experience of the subject matter. It would really be helpful for me to try and create creative representations of the notes and data I acquire from my online lessons. I may convert the key concepts into tangible form by making graphs, making a model as illustration(Miller, 2000). An interactive online course would suit my learning style better, however, I must find ways in which to adapt to the subject matter even if the mode of instruction does not directly address my kinesthetic inclinations. The techniques mentioned above would definitely help me in reconciling the latter with the teaching process available. In combining the auditory and visual method with my own need for hands on receiving of information; I may have an edge in holistically understanding the course beyond the internet. Â   Â  

A View of the Human Physique As Illustrated Through Different Art Works

A View of the Human Physique As Illustrated Through Different Art Works The following works of art all depict the human body: Woman of Willendorf (Paleolithic, 28,000-25,000 BCE), Pharaoh Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty (Egypt, 2490-2472 BCE), and the Dying warriors of both the east and west pediments of the Temple of Aphaia (Archaic into Classical Greece, 480 and 490 BCE, respectfully). The broad ideas these figures can be associated with, paired with their smaller level details, together demonstrate how cultural ideals regarding body image change and develop over time. The Woman of Willendorf, sometimes called â€Å"Nude Woman,† is one of the oldest pieces of art found. She is eleven centimeters tall and made of limestone. We know very little about her and cannot make any grand conclusions (though we have â€Å"assigned† meaning to her to satisfy these holes). A few other figurines from the last Ice Age have been discovered, and they were of women as well, highlighting curvature and breasts. The Woman of Willendorf has been associated with fertility, given the name Venus, who is goddess of love and fertility. The figure does not have any facial detail. We do have, however, extremely exaggerated breasts and stomach, and the detail of the vulva. This could certainly lead us to the thought that fertility is indeed the symbol here. What does this indicate? Maybe robust women were more fertile and were the idealized size. Maybe a woman’s main purpose was fertility alone. Maybe larger women were considered healthy. We do not have muc h to go by, but this is where we can consider human sculpture history more or less to begin. The Egyptian statue of Pharaoh Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty provides us with a representation of a high-figure male and female during the Pyramid ages. Menkaure and his queen stand side by side, made in sandstone, emerging forward with both their left feet outward (most female figures would not do this, which indicates that Queen Khamerernebty could in fact be Menkaure’s Queen-Mother.) They look forward and their almost-stoic faces give a sense of â€Å"other world† – they are in motion, stepping into eternity, and we are watching them in all their beauty. Menkaure has a very detailed face which feels unique. He has smooth skin with no imperfections and a hardy structure: he is quite the image of youth. He wears a traditional pharaoh headpiece, the royal beard in place, and holds the ceremonial cloths – he is in normal pharaoh stature, and this artwork celebrates him. His queen is constructed beautifully. She has a mature body with breasts shown through her clinging clothing, and again, a detailed, unique face. These figures are beautiful and we look at them in amazement, but they are not exactly idealized like typical royal artwork. They are individuals, set in these roles. We can compare this Egyptian art to artwork from earlier periods: we have developed ideals, styles in art based on the literal trends of Egyptian culture, and furthermore, different meanings and purposes of artwork: this sculpture would function as a piece to ensure rebirth for the king during afterlife. The Dying Warriors of both the East and West Pediments of the Temple of Aphaia provide us with a look at the evolution of Greek sculpture in particular. In 490 BCE, the West Pediment figure was made. It is just one part of a lively Trojan War-scene pediment. We see this warrior fallen; he has been impaled in the chest. He is trying to remove the weapon from his chest though he will probably die, all the while sporting his archaic smile common to the art period (to enliven the work of art; not to portray a particular emotion). His legs are flailing in a sort of schematic, perfected way – it is like a pose. This artwork symbolizes a wounded warrior, but it does not do so realistically. It symbolizes a wounded warrior using limited expression and the current standards – both capabilities and ideals – regarding displaying the full body. On the East Pediment, approximately ten years later BCE, we have a far more complex rendering of a hurting warrior. Not only is our body more realistic in its muscle and skin transitions, but we have bodily movement that is believable. The artist thought about what it was like to fall, and this work expresses that very concept. We also lose our archaic smile, as this marks the beginning of the Classical Period in Greece. The face looks a bit tired, and is downward as the soldier tries to hoist himself up with his shield – another object added to the imagery of the scene. We feel this defeat, and through the Hellenistic Period and beyond, emotional concepts which it seems are skimmed here, are explored much more in-depth. We have looked at a limited number of representations of how cultural ideals around the body change over time. Developing cultures evolve to appreciate certain aspects of the human body, in specific ways and to represent defined values or messages. Some 30,000 years ago, what we now call the â€Å"Woman of Willendorf† depicted a human being, specifically a woman, and a robust one. Maybe this translates to an ideal, or to a symbolism or affiliation with fertility. Fast forward many cultures, and we have Egyptian pharaohs being portrayed. We see political hierarchy and religion, defined body ideals, and individualism having developed, all of which are being represented through art. Fast forward further, and we have established war politics displayed in art openly, fierce propaganda exploration and growing expressions of detail, liveliness, and eventually, concepts of emotion and imperfection.

Investing in Back Bay-Beacon Hill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investing in Back Bay-Beacon Hill - Essay Example As the report declares the main aspects of the real estate industry in Beacon Hill are as follows. First, properties in the area are valued at a price that is either double or triple of its value ten years ago. This presents an opportunity for profits for investors and developers in the long run. Second, properties in the area are either rented as apartments ranging from $1,600 for one-bedroom apartments up to $2,100 for two-bedroom apartments. Third, speculators forecasted the â€Å"back slope† in the northern part of the Beacon Hill area to increase value in the future. Fourth, due to state legislature, which established the Beacon Hill area as an historic district, constructions of new buildings have been prohibited. As a result, the values of existing buildings were enhanced, while land values were limited. This paper stresses that given the aforementioned characteristics of the real estate market in Beacon Hill, Alexander concluded that buying a property in the â€Å"back slope† would be most profitable because of the relatively lower values of properties there. Furthermore, he realized that it would be best to purchase a property, which would require an extensive amount of renovation to have better control on the property’s income potential. The property that interested Alexander was a 4-unit apartment in the â€Å"back slope.† The property is located in the middle of the block and is set 100 feet from the road.

Brand Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brand Building - Essay Example Brand image is developed with time through strategies such as promotional campaigns and maintaining a consistent theme such as superior quality (Kotler & Keller, 2005). Conversely, brand image can only be authenticated by customers’ direct experiences. Therefore, proper segmentation, positioning and targeting are imperative to ensure that customers appreciate the company’s brand image. The purpose of this paper is to consider the renowned Samsung brand, discussing various strategies through which the company develops and maintains its position in the market. Part 1 The Samsung brand is one of the most renowned international brands. The Samsung brand encompasses a number of subsidiaries and affiliated businesses, which operate under the Samsung Group, a South Korean conglomerate headquartered in Seoul’s Samsung Town. Steve, who is a close friend, is an extremely loyal customer of the Samsung brand (Kotler & Keller, 2005). From his cell phone to his television and other technological devices, Steve only trusts the Samsung brand. According to Steve, his loyalty to the Samsung brand can be attributed to the company’s robust brand building activities. Steve argues that Samsung’s frequency programs and brand image building activities sustain his loyalty to the brand. ... Steve gave an instance of when his Samsung Galaxy Tablet experienced audio difficulties and upon taking it to a Samsung service centre, the problem was fixed almost instantly at no cost. Therefore, Samsung maintains and reinforces its positive brand image, thus maintaining the loyalty of customers such as Steve. Trust plays a pivotal role in enhancing attitudinal and behavioural loyalty to the Samsung brand (Clottey, Collier & Stodnick, 2008). Since Steve trusts Samsung products, as well as the brand’s positive image, he believes that Samsung’s competitive brands such as Toshiba, Sony and Nokia are relatively unreliable, particularly with regard to the quality of their products, as well as after sales services such as servicing, repair and maintenance. Steve also believes that certain competitive brands are targeted at specific markets such as Asian markets in the case of Toshiba products. Based on Steve’s assertions, it is clear that Samsung’s brand equit y is extremely strong, thus the Samsung brand is one of the company’s most valuable assets, which consequently enhances the financial value of the company (Jensen & Hansen, 2006). Elements of the Samsung brand that speak to its extensive brand equity include customer recognition of visual elements such the Samsung logo, as well as recognition of the brand’s values such as quality. The brand has, therefore, been able to position itself positively in the customer’s mind. The superior quality of Samsung products and the effectiveness of its frequency products make the brand preferable to customers within the target market. Part 2 According to Kotler & Keller (2005) segmentation entails dividing the market into small groups or

Essays -sas-ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essays -sas-ETHICS - Essay Example As an example, most people think that if you are doing your job, if you are showing up on time, and if you are listening to what your boss says to do, then you are showing a good work ethic. If you are not doing these things, then they say you have a poor work ethic. We can also break the two words down. As an example, work is what most people would know as something we do in order to get paid. It is also something that could be defined as a job, a drudgery, or something that just has to be done whether we like it or not (Miller, n.d.). Work is something that everyone must do at sometime in their life and it can be working for something else or working for themselves. Ethics on the other hand are something that each individual creates for their own lives. Work ethics can be defined as reliability, trustworthiness, a willingness to learn, a willingness to work, and a willingness to work collaboratively when necessary (Miller, n.d.). With this in mind, we can use the example of a child who is doing their first job as a babysitter. When someone hires a babysitter, they are expecting the individual to know how to take care of their child, whether it is an infant or young child.

Gucci case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gucci case - Essay Example To enable Gucci regain its position in the market, Domencio De Sole – Gucci’s president and CEO lead and Tom Ford – Gucci’s creative director combined their individual talents. Eventually, the company started selling its shares to the public market. Since Gucci was financially performing well at the time the company announced its initial public offering; well-known companies such as: LVMH and PPR were fighting over who gets the biggest share in Gucci. The problem with selling the company’s shares to the public market is the fact that shareholders who have the highest percentage of Another problem with going into public market is related to its vulnerability to the U.S. economic performance including financial crisis that may occur around the world. Once the economy becomes unstable, there is a huge possibility that the stock value of company shares will go down. Throughout Gucci’s success in the global market, the company heavily relied on Ford without training other designers with regards to Gucci’s fashion ideas and its target market. The absence of having well-trained and competitive designers could place the company in danger as soon as Ford decided to leave the company. Aggressively selling Gucci’s shares in the stock market without controlling the number of shares issued in the public market may cause the company-owner(s) to lose their power to manage the business operations of the company. In order to become a conglomerate multi-branded global company, Gucci should have entered into a business partnership or joint-venture with other related company instead of heavily relying on the selling of the company’s shares. competitive young designers. Through this type of competition, the company can identify the unique talents of each young designer. To win a long-term commitment from selected designers, Gucci could negotiate the packages and benefits which will be given to them in exchange for their service. With

The Future of Public Relation Jobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Future of Public Relation Jobs - Essay Example y their stories directly to the audience. Let’s talk PR by Kera Cottingham This article that illustrates the future of public relation jobs argues that the personality, charming nature, and the integration of ones talent, uniqueness, being eloquent as well as endurance to various factors play a big role for the success of public relations ( Kera,2012).All these qualities need to be blended for the success of public relation. The greatest challenge is the blending of these virtues which is leading to the diminishing of public relation jobs, it goes beyond one imagination and one has to be very innovative in order to succeed in this field. Publicity mostly in this industry plays a vital role for ones success. For example, Oprah Winfrey one of the most sought after public relation figures laid down a number of lessons that many people followed leading to their success in their careers. Some of the lessons included the issue of being transparent as well as the aspect of telling th e truth about oneself. Another aspect is the issue of being fully knowledgeable towards the issues you are addressing besides being innovative. Innovativeness tops this list because it is one element that people embrace making it possible to analyze the situations in place. The Future of Public Relations in Higher Education by Georgy Cohen According to this article, the future of public relations jobs is advancing in line with the technological advancements. In addition, the emergence of online blogs as this article illustrates allows some of the public relations departments and firms to extract information regarding the public opinion on some issues which they might have not gained access to or had no prior information about (Georgy, 2011). The development of software for example Bacons media map, allows the public relation professionals and firms to gather immediate, first hand information for their editorial and reporters globally. In terms of the financial changes implementation in the field of public relations, most firms are campaigning for public relation professions to be licensed, an issue that was supported by a famous practitioner Edward Bernays. One of the key aspects covered by this article is on billing issue, whereby individuals felt that the professional billing should be put in place to replace the traditional billing per hour. For instance, quite a number of the UK public relation companies are implementing a more effective the system provided a client has a price upfront on a one time payment schedule. For example, a client may be billed for $ 1,500 for a two-hour period of consultation,$300 for a press briefings or $750 for a press conference. Strategic leadership in public relations: An integrated conceptual framework by Juan Meng This article depicts that the necessity aspect of many corporations toward the essence of Public relation in the business fraternity has evolved a new approach towards the use of the public relation to campaign f or various issues for instance healthcare, aids among other issues. This article argues that the public relati

Waiting For Guffman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Waiting For Guffman - Essay Example (McCormick, 2011). The comedy in Guffman is the cut-above diversity, based on associations and underlined by the hopes of the characters. Corky St. Claire is played by Corky, an immigrant from Broadway who has discovered a place for exceptional abilities as the de facto ruler of Theater in Blaine. The town dentist is played by Levy who for the very first time is trying out. Perky is played by Parker Posey, emotional and maybe useless ingà ©nue who labors at the Dairy Queen. Catherine OHara and Fred Willard show the saying that corresponding sweat suits deceive a discontented marriage. Llyod Miller is played by Bob Balaban, the music administrator who is grounded in realism, although his idea that the cast may use some of the preparation time basically practicing the dances and songs is met with antagonism (Waffle, 2002). Essentials to the movie are Corky St. Clair’s conventional gay mannerisms. He allegedly has a wife named Bonnie, whom nobody in Blaine has ever noticed or met. When Johnny Savage is enforced by his doubtful father Brian Doyle-Murray to leave the show, his roles is taken over by Corky, which were evidently planned for an actor who is young and masculine: a forceful young frontiersman, a despairing soldier, and a small boy with a beanie and shorts. At the performance of the show, the seat of Guffman is perceived to be unoccupied, much to the disappointment of the cast; Corky guarantee them that the producers of Broadway constantly appear behind schedule for the performance, and certain enough a man almost immediately occupies the seat reserved for Guffman. The audience receives the show very well, and St. Clair requests the unspecified Guffman behind the scenes to speak to the actors. Upon his arrival, he states that he is not Guffman, and his visit to Blaine was to see the del ivery of his niece’s baby but

The Defendant's Confession Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Defendant's Confession - Assignment Example Sometimes, impairment in the defendant’s functioning compromises the defendant’s abilities relevant to the confession process. This report seeks to investigate the damaging impact caused by use of confession. It will also show how a confession can be used in the court of law. Case study Beckwith v. United States (1976) The following case existed following statements made by a taxpayer (Beckwith) to the Internal Revenue agents in his house. During this noncustodial interview, the defendant retorted that he had evaded tax payment at some point. The interview was carried out to investigate criminal tax fraud. He was arrested and later reined in court, prosecuted and found guilty for tax evasion. However, the defendant claimed that he was not read his Miranda rights before the interview took place (Arthur and Lawrence 220). This did not have any impact on the case since his tax liability was under scrutiny. He served a jail term because of the confession he made during the interview with the IRA. A free and voluntary confession by the defendant is sufficient to convict, without any other evidence whether the confession was made before apprehension, or after, or whether reduced in to writing or not. If the confession was drawn from the defendant by means of a threat or a promise, then, it is not admissible evidence. Any facts, however, that may be brought to light in consequence of such confession may be proved. A confession, (if made on examination before a magistrate) ought to be taken in writing, and signed by the magistrate. Parol evidence of such a confession will not be received, unless it is clearly proved not to have been reduced into writing. The confession when taken in writing ought to be read over to the defendant, and he should be asked to sign it. His refusing to do so will not make it inadmissible. The defendant’s confession must not be taken on oath, and if so taken, it cannot be received. His confession is evidence only against himself. In all cases a confession should be provided in evidence for it is a general rule that the full account must be taken together, both that which makes for the defendant and that which makes against him. In the mentioned petition, the defendant's confession was voluntary since the defendant did not expect the matter to be criminalized. The Internal revenue Agents did not read him his Miranda rights before they interviewed him. Miranda rights are extremely crucial since they act as warning to indicate that whatever you say during the investigation will be incriminated as evidence (Arthur and Lawrence 130). Legal issues related to assessing the ability of individuals, especially those of special populations, to waive their rights are reviewed. An empirical research on the ability of suspects to make knowing, intelligent, and voluntary confessions is considered in light of relevant ethical issues and limits of testimony. Constitutional Law and Miranda Warning A defendant's confe ssion often serves as the most persuasive evidence in criminal trials. It is particularly influential when it serves as the sole or primary source of evidence offered by the prosecution. When a suspect is placed under arrest or is given the impression that he or she has no right free to leave, police officers, or government agents are expected to read the Miranda warning. For example,† You should to remain silent. Anything you say shall evidence in the court of law.† – As indicated by the U.S. supreme court. However, the

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay Example for Free

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. Page 115-Scout explains that Jem doesn’t want her hanging around him all the time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ stop pestering me. † And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. Page 116-â€Å"Jem developed a maddening air of wisdom that summer. † Meaning that he is rational now and understands things†¦not like a little kid anymore. He helps to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesn’t understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks. Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. Page 115-116- READ ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency session of legislature, Dill is not coming to visit for the summer, and Aunt Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the trial of Tom Robinson. 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. a. Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They don’t possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They are surprised when church goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, just as not all the white people are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both welcoming to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world throughout the Impurity of Women Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a separate existence from her household and taking care of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is important because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are trash people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was probably asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids while the trial is going on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is going on. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the proper social things to do and say, and she knew a great deal of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and generally did fit right into town’s society. However, Alexandra didn’t understand or agree with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the children’s behavior. Because their value systems were different, they were more often than not at odds. English 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions: Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain.

Social interaction Essay Example for Free

Social interaction Essay Stereotyping may lead to prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice is to pre-judge a person or a group of people in a certain way before you get to know the facts. For example in the case of Ms Brown she may feel prejudice towards the people of the new neighbourhood. She does not know them and may judge them all in one way. Categorise all as one instead of seeing individuals. Discrimination is to act on that judgement. In Ms Browns case she may feel prejudice to the natives of the new neighbourhood. They have different life styles which could cause slight conflict between them. What Ms Brown believes to be the right way of life, the people in the neighbourhood may disagree. Prejudice could occur. In order for Ms Brown to discriminate against her new neighbours she must act on that prejudice. Ms Brown may experience frustration when moving house. This could be due to several reasons. Although been a lone parent was Ms Browns choice it may make life difficult at this moment in time as she has the move to do alone. Whilst frustration and aggression are related, frustration does not always lead to aggression. Gross R et al (2000:67) Aggression can be reinforced where as frustration is a natural emotion. Aggressive behaviour can be aroused by other aspects then frustration. How could this effect Ms Browns situation. Elliott in 1977 conducted a study with a class room of children. The aim was to show the children how it felt to be discriminated against. Elliott told the children that pupils with blue eyes were inferior. Within days the experiment showed the children with blue eyes had become withdrawn and school work slipped, whereas the children with brown eyes became more and more aggressive towards blue eyed children. This experiment shows how easy it can be to discriminate against others and how aggression can occur. Ms Brown may have been raised in a racist family; her parents could have reinforced the prejudice towards black people. Social learning theory suggests that behaviour is learned. People are not born aggressive; they adapt aggression through direct experience or by observing others. In reference to M Cardwell et al Psychology for A2 Level Bandura conducted an experiment also involving children. Using a blow up doll, some of the children were exposed to adults behaving aggressive towards the doll. The bobo doll experiment showed that children copied the behaviour of adults. Those who witnessed aggressive behaviour toward the doll carried out similar aggressive acts. Whereas the children who were not exposed to the violence on the doll were not aggressive towards it. This experiment suggests that, people will copy behaviour. Is aggression learned? The social learning theory is contradicted by the Relative Deprivation Theory. This can be explained as, what we believe to be the standard we should receive and the standard we actually get. Moving house is hard work and stressful, things do not always go as planned. Ms Brown may become frustrated with the situation. An experiment conducted by Sherif in 1961, involved a group of eleven and twelve year olds. The children were divided into two groups and housed separately. As a result they became close friends and found a sense of identity within that group. The two groups were brought back together and after several competitions between them they acted very negatively towards each other. Each group felt as though they deserved to win the competitions more than the others. If people feel deprived of something to which they feel entitled, they become frustrated and perhaps aggressive. the Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866; just after the American civil war it attracted mainly poor whites who believed that their livelihood was threatened by the newly freed black slaves. Gross R et al (2000:25) In the case of the ku Klux klan it eventually lead to murdering black people for no reason other than the feeling that maybe white people were been deprived of something because of black people. In 1992, a riot broke out in Los Angeles; it claimed more the 50 lives. The reason behind the riots was the acquittal by an all white jury of four police men who had been accused of badly beating a black motorist. If the police men had received punishment for their actions then the black society would not have felt deprived of justice, then the riots would not have occurred. A sense of perceived relative deprivation can also come about as a result of improvement in the recourses and opportunities made available to a group.

Psychological Well-being and Job Performance Relationship

Psychological Well-being and Job Performance Relationship Introduction Psychological conceptions and treatments of well-being are a prominent feature of psychological literature particularly in relation to mental health from a social-psychological point of view. The fundamental questions asked in this area are arguably concerned with the way and means of understanding the psychological reactions of individuals to the stresses and challenges of modern day life activities, (Bradburn, 1969). With work being one of the major activities of life it is reasonable to surmise work will have a significant impact on mental health and that vice versa mental health will have a significant impact on a person’s performance and experience of work. With the diversity of criteria which can be used to judge mental health the psychological aspects to mental health have become increasingly important associated in human resource management literature as well organisational behaviour research because of the suggested strong relationship between an individual’s p sychological condition and job performance. Researchers such as David and Smeeding (1985) and more recently Wright and Cropanzano (2004) argue that psychological well-being in terms of happiness contributes to maximising both personal health as well as job performance in terms of organisational productivity. It is reasonable to believe that such a consideration of mental health has valuable implications in managing human resources. With links to employee motivation and job performance management and from an organisational perspective the theoretical framework offered by mental health provides a useful tool in understanding an organisation’s behaviour through reference to the psychological well-being of individuals within the organisational context. In one way then considering for example staff retention which is a key element of organisational strategies since human resources have been viewed recently as one of the most important resources for any organisation, (Torrington, Hall and Taylor (2002). Furthermore happy employees tend to be more productive and contribute more in creation and innovation activities which are crucial activities for organisations given the competitive realities of the modern business world, (Wright and Cropanzano, 2004). However currently there is no gener al agreement about the best way to measure, assess and/or evaluate people’s psychological states. Terms such as self-esteem, self adjustment in dealing with work stress have critical influences on the level of well-being. Social support at work related to psychological well-being may be said to affect productivity of employees which itself is argued to have positive effects on job control, lower job depression and generate higher productivity. Nevertheless the extent to which social support contributes to better performance remains unclear due to the complexities of psychological reactions and the processes comprising them. Discussion An important perspective on well-being originates from the social-psychological perspective which focuses on viewing well-being in both an individual and social sense. One means of conceptualising well-being is in an individual psychological manner where the subject is linked with economic models in that individuals make rational responses in changing their behaviour due to changing prices and incomes. Another traditional aspect of the subjective activity of well-being focuses on the measurement of well-being for social policy purposes which historically has been concerned with tax return, pensions, use of health care resources and work environment affairs, (David Smeeding, 1985). From this point of view there are vital implications in the sense of the psychological subject in human resource management and studies dealing with organisational behaviour since people as the essential elements performing tasks in these contexts. For example the recent broaden-and-build model has been de signed to provide relevant evidence towards explaining the possible interactive role of physiological well-being (PWB) associated with job satisfaction and job performance which demonstrates significant relationships to employee performance, (Wright and Cropanzano, 2004). This is to say illustrating the strength of the correlation between the happier an employee feeling with the more productive they are in their everyday job performance. Based on this viewpoint then human resource management approaches have aimed at building management models which draw from and benefit from PWB in order to improve an organisation’s performance in terms of quality and quantity. A principal point of consideration in this then is the environment in which people are working in as detrimental work environments pose potential health risks to individuals. Health risks can be seen in terms of the physical harm done to people’s bodies but also as having negative influences in a psychological manner including depression and stress which results in poor job performance and lowered productivity. Thus PWB suggests that a better and healthier working environment will be able to make employee feels more comfortable and happier through health gains in harm avoidance in the work place. In HRM literature environment not only includes physical environments such as machinery, organisational structure but also intangible contexts like orga nisational culture and leadership styles and these are equally as important in terms of employee well-being. Therefore Beardwell, Holden and Claydon (2004) argue that appropriate organisational structures in terms of physical power distance as well as intangible distance such as leadership style are important in contributing to employees job performance. Research suggests that long power distances result in staff at lower levels within an organisation feeling powerless and vulnerable with the consequences being they suffer stress at work since there is a lack of opportunity in expressing themselves within the decision making processes affecting them, (Hersey, Blanchard Johnson, 2001). Additionally the corporate environment in terms of employment contracts themselves a process of socio-economic exchange often in national contexts is particularly crucial as it defines formalised arrangements between employee and the organisation employing, (Clark, 2004). Contracts between employee and employer determine the terms and conditions of employment like security and health issues related to the job and contractual employment rights. Clark (2004) points out that the relationship between employees and management teams not only impacts on corporate performance but also influences how successful and organisation is at retaining its workforce. While Wright and Cropanzano (2004) concentrate on the psychological meaning of well-being in contributing to better job performance David and Smeeding (1985) propose that significant attention be paid to well-being from an economic perspective. Economic elements such as changing prices compared to incomes then are proposed as affecting people’s behaviours and psychological reactions. For instance research has demonstrated that higher income individuals are more likely than lower income individuals to report themselves as enjoying higher levels of happiness, (David and Smeeding, 1985). It hence is unsurprising to note that traditional human resource management approaches view performance management as enhancing individual performance by assessing past performance and rewarding improvements in terms of tangible economic benefits, (Walker, 1992). Jacques (1962) claims that every employee displays strong feeling towards to the level of payment in that such payments correspond to t he perceived values attached to the performance of tasks associated with the job. This economic model closely reflects psychological conceptions in that when employees feel they are underpaid job performance will suffer in terms of productivity and efficiency. Wright and Cropanzano’s model suggests that fair payment contributes to the happiness level of staff however it is vital to mention that the expectation of employee namely the subjectivity of well-being largely indicates different attitudes towards fairness. This is to say the employee who is paid comparably higher than others due to higher levels of education and vocational skill might feel unhappy because the pay level is still lower than the expected level. This is similar with subjective accounts of poverty of the unemployed being more a negative experience than poverty as a student dependent on their ability to adjust the reality of situations with their expectations. This corresponds with David and Smeeding’s (1985) framework on the subjectivity of well-being as a personalised experience. Recent research carried out by Gregg and Wadsworth (1999) illustrated that a good number of employee departures was due to either poorly managed expectations or ineffective induc tions into positions. This is an important point in considering psychological well-being and individual productivity as well as organisational performance illustrating that tangible economic benefits or objective conditions attached to jobs may be perceived in many different ways as a result of individual subjectivity. Wright and Hobfoll’s (2004) work linked with Wright and Cropanzano’s (2004) research in demonstrating that psychological well-being has both positive and negative influences on job performance. One such concept is that of employee burnout which refers to emotional and/or physical exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment amongst sufferers. Employees tend to feel dissatisfied due to poor task completion and personal achievement in turn. Past experiences of failure in dealing with customers for example is suggested as being one prime means of reducing motivational attitudes towards work. With people being considered as the most important resource in contributing to organisational performance then human resource management has itself been put in a critical position in strategic decision making processes. Aspects of managing human resources have become involved in a wide range of issues such as recruitment and retention related to development, reward and relationship m anagement of employees are arguably the basic HRM functions. The process of retention of workforces lays the foundation for obtaining suitably qualified employees in order to contribute in the most effective manner to achieving corporate goals in a cost-effective manner, (Foot Hook, 1999). The relationship to these HR principles of the thesis of psychological well-being in one ways shows clearly that motivation in the employee retention process as well as better performance is a principal factor determining organisational success in these areas. Also from an individual’s perspective burnout as suggested by research tends to result in ineffectiveness and failure in job performance due to a lack of energy levels in an emotional and physical sense. This leads to stress which in turn can cause ill-health both physical and mental. Similarly from the organisation’s perspective innovation levels tends to decrease which as has been argued is important in maintaining competiti ve position for companies operating in intensively competitive industries, (Maslach Jackson, 1986; Lee Ashforth, 1996). Based on this analysis and discussion of psychological well being it would appear that a useful measure is to examine the various approaches used to improve job performance and productivity at personal and organisational levels. People are motivated by different things dependent on different individual value systems and expectations. As such in order to increase well being levels among employees organisations attempt to create better working environments relying on supportive corporate cultures, effective leadership styles and the provision of accessible communication channels. An awareness that motivation does not necessarily flow from positive salary arrangements alone is necessary as often such is considered as the most effective tool in rewarding and motivating employees. Instead potential career development opportunities for employees, employee friendly working environments and supportive management methods exert strong influences on feelings of well-being among employees. For example positive rewards in a tangible way and intangible confirmations related to good performance should encourage employees to repeat the same activities since the rewarding of successful behaviour contributes to employee’s levels of self esteem. In many ways then it is fair to say that psychological processes and subjective feelings and experiences remain complex phenomena and would seem to be influenced by a range of factors such as national cultures and the effects of reference groups like families and peer groups in for example expected income levels and job status, (Mullins, 2005). The measurement of psychological well-being contributing to better performance is conditionally true yet it must be acknowledged that the methods used in research such as by Wright and Cropanzano’s (2004) exhibit and are limited by the potential problems related to subjective reactions and perceptions of job performance by employees. Conclusion Models and theories of psychological well-being are established topics in Psychology which is held as being closely linked with conceptualisations of mental health and the mental well being of individuals. The variety of psychological reactions of individuals to stress and daily life can all result in feeling of happiness, mental health or illness depending on situational factors which has effects on people’s performance at work. As a result then psychological conceptions of well-being are widely used in considering the relationship between well-being and job performance in an organisational context. Studies have demonstrated the positive effects of employee well-being on their job performance in terms of better productivity yet due to the complex psychological processes which are involved in the condition of well-being there is still a lack of definitive evidence in demonstrating to what extent psychological well-being contributes to better job performance. Such evidence is d ifficult to produce for example bearing in mind complicated human behavioural patterns and experiences in relation to work. Linked to this definitions of happiness remain unclear and is an area which requires further research along with further explorations of the reasons feeling of satisfaction and happiness with work increases productivity. However it is fair to say that better health levels in terms of psychological well being influences people in terms of motivation and attitudes toward work as well as their capacity and ability to work. The reduction of employee sickness whether major or minor due to poor working conditions and the impact this has on organisational performance is one aspect any organisation should seek to reduce and minimise as a strategic goal. References Beardwell, I., Holden, L. Claydon, T. (2004) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach 4th edition, FT Prentice Hall, London UK. Bradburn, N.M. (1969) The Structure of Psychological Well-Being, Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago. David, M. Smeeding T. (1985) Introduction, in David, M. Smeeding, T. (eds) Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Well-Being, National Bureau of Economic Research, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 50. Foot, M. Hook, C. (1999) Introducing Human Resource Management 2nd edition, Pearson Education Limited, UK. Gregg, P. Wadsworth, J. (1999) Job Tenure 1995-98 in Gregg, P. Wadsworth (eds) The State of Working Britain, Manchester University Press, UK. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H. Johnson, D. (2001) Management of Organizational Behavior: Leading Human Resources, Prentice Hall, USA. Jacques, C. (1962) Objective Measures for Pay Differentials, Harvard Business Review, January-February. Lee, R.T. Ashforth, B.E. (1996) A Meta-analytic Examination of the Correlates of the Three Dimensions of Job Burnout, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 81. Maslach, C. Jackson, S.E. (1986) Maslach Burnout Inventory 2nd edition, Consulting Psychologists Press, USA. Mullins, L.J. (2005) Management and Organisational Behaviour 7th edition, FT Prentice Hall, Harlow UK. Park, K., Wilson, M.G. Lee, M.S. (2004) Effects of Social Support at Work on Depression and Organisational Productivity, American Journal of Health Behaviour, Vol. 28 Issue 5. Torrington, D., Hall, L. Taylor, S. (2002) Human Resource Management, FT Prentice Hall, Harlow UK Walker, K.W. (1992) Human Resource Strategy, McGraw-Hill, New York USA. Wright, T.A. Cropanzano, R. (2004) The Role of Psychological Well-Being in Job Performance: a Fresh Look at an Age-Old Quest, Organizational Dynamics, Vol.33 Issue 4. Wright, T.A. Hobfoll, S.E. (2004) Commitment, Psychological Well-Being, and Job Performance: An Examination of Conservation of Resources Theory and Job Burnout, Journal of Business and Management, Winter Vol.9 Issue 4.

Alfred Hitchcock :: essays research papers

Alfred Hitchcock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a cinematographer, I see Alfred Hitchcock as one of the most influential people in the history of the silver screen. My synopsis of his films, however, will be through the eyes of a young man that has witnessed tragedy. I could sit and rant and rave about how Hitchcock was a great director, his films were awesome, etc., but I’ll spare you of that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would much rather discuss the attack, but since I must write this paper about his cinema work, I’ll try and compare the two movies we watched to the situation. I’ll start first with Rear Window. Rear Window is a film that deals not only with the human instinct of voyeurism, but also with the sheer animalistic sadism that can be found deep within our natures. Rear Window demonstrated both of these observances, by showing most of the film through the eyes of a innocent bystander, an injured man who was simply trying to pass the time. We could compare Jimmy Stewart’s character to ever American on the morning of September 11, 2001. We were all going about our business, when all of the sudden we noticed an outburst of xtreme brutality. In the end of the film, we see the group try and solve the puzzle by sending Grace Kelly’s character to investigate the apartment. We could also relate this to what the United State’s government is tr ying to do at this very moment; rummaging through the apartment of death to try and find anything that would be helpful in solving this catastrophe. All in all, I think Rear Window, one of the first of Hitchcock’s great films, is a picture that really somewhat contradicts it’s self by having two inconsistent themes: The innocence of the average human being, but also how that same supposedly innocent human being can be so cruel and vicious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitchcock had a tendency to make contradictions in his films, not in the films themselves, but in the underlying messages that those films carry. Take Psycho for example; it shows that even though we may suspect that someone or something has malevolent intentions, we are still shocked when they/it actually does something malevolent (as in the case of Norman Bates’ mother). We can see this like the attack on the World Trade Center itself. We didn’t expect such a sophisticated attack, but we knew there was evil afoot. Alfred Hitchcock :: essays research papers Alfred Hitchcock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a cinematographer, I see Alfred Hitchcock as one of the most influential people in the history of the silver screen. My synopsis of his films, however, will be through the eyes of a young man that has witnessed tragedy. I could sit and rant and rave about how Hitchcock was a great director, his films were awesome, etc., but I’ll spare you of that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would much rather discuss the attack, but since I must write this paper about his cinema work, I’ll try and compare the two movies we watched to the situation. I’ll start first with Rear Window. Rear Window is a film that deals not only with the human instinct of voyeurism, but also with the sheer animalistic sadism that can be found deep within our natures. Rear Window demonstrated both of these observances, by showing most of the film through the eyes of a innocent bystander, an injured man who was simply trying to pass the time. We could compare Jimmy Stewart’s character to ever American on the morning of September 11, 2001. We were all going about our business, when all of the sudden we noticed an outburst of xtreme brutality. In the end of the film, we see the group try and solve the puzzle by sending Grace Kelly’s character to investigate the apartment. We could also relate this to what the United State’s government is tr ying to do at this very moment; rummaging through the apartment of death to try and find anything that would be helpful in solving this catastrophe. All in all, I think Rear Window, one of the first of Hitchcock’s great films, is a picture that really somewhat contradicts it’s self by having two inconsistent themes: The innocence of the average human being, but also how that same supposedly innocent human being can be so cruel and vicious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitchcock had a tendency to make contradictions in his films, not in the films themselves, but in the underlying messages that those films carry. Take Psycho for example; it shows that even though we may suspect that someone or something has malevolent intentions, we are still shocked when they/it actually does something malevolent (as in the case of Norman Bates’ mother). We can see this like the attack on the World Trade Center itself. We didn’t expect such a sophisticated attack, but we knew there was evil afoot.

Injection or protection? :: essays research papers

Injections OR Protection Although testing on animals seems the only way to further advance our medicine, technologies, and prevent products from harming people, it doesn’t necessarily make it right. I think we can all agree that injecting defenseless animals with dangerous chemicals resulting in serious side effects or possible death is cruel and unusual. Coincidently, in the U.S. we consider such acts as illegal forms of punishment. Yet in the case of animals, it’s called science. Which leads to the question, what rights do animals have? Aren’t animals and humans different which therefore lead to a different set of rules? So what exactly separates the two species? The answer might lie in searching for the differences between man and beast. Let us test the senses in order to see a difference there. Sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste are all common characteristics that both species share, except for a few instances in certain animals and certain disabled humans. Moving on, both are a ble to sense danger, evade danger, feel pain, sense positive and negative emotions, display affection and dislike. The fact that we even test on animals is an admittance of the distinct similarities between the two. If man and animal were so different, there would be no gain in knowledge due to experimentation. This supports my claim that animals share the same intrinsic rights as humans. Therefore, animal rights should be protected somewhere in our nations constitution. Is it something so minute as having less legs, a set of thumbs and the ability to walk upright? Some would argue that animals are soulless beasts that walk the earth and exist only to serve man’s purpose. So why would there be such a thing as wild and untamed animals? They do not exist for the purpose of man and are able to carry on their lives self sufficiently. It is now obvious that animals can exist and thrive without human intervention. This refutes the possibility that animals are here only to serve und er and function for the betterment of man. It is only through our intervention that we have dominated and controlled animal nature. Through our own perceived superiority, man has decided that animals are expendable for the greater good. As necessary as it may be to preserve human life, I don’t think it’s ethical to use animals as the testing ground for vanity products. When I say vanity products I’m referring to hair, body, and make-up accessories.

Descriptive Essay - Our Mountain Cabin -- Descriptive Essay, Descriptiv

Our Mountain Cabin The ruckus from the bottom of the truck is unbearable, because of the noise and excessive shaking. As we slowly climbed the mountain road to reach our lovely cabin, it seemed almost impossible to reach the top, but every time we reached it safely. The rocks and deep potholes shook the truck and the people in it, like a paint mixer. Every window in the truck was rolled down so we could have some leverage to hold on and not loose our grip we needed so greatly. The fresh clean mountain air entered the truck; it smelt as if we were lost: nowhere close to home. It was a feeling of relief to get away from all the problems at home. The road was deeply covered with huge pines and baby aspen trees. Closely examining the surrounding, it looks as if it did the last time we were up here. We slowly crept around the corner, finally sneaking a peek at our cabin. As I hopped out of the front seat of the truck, a sharp sense of loneliness came over me. I looked around and saw nothing but the leaves on the trees glittering from the constant blowing wind. Catching myself standing staring around me at all the beautiful trees, I noticed that the trees have not changed at all, but still stand tall and as close as usual. I realized that the trees surrounding the cabin are similar to the being of my family: the feelings of never being parted when were all together staying at our cabin. As I walked closer to the cabin, which has been abandoned since last summer, I noticed certain materials are stored away, for the winter, such as the grill, which is taken off the hinges around the fire pit, and put underneath the cabin deck. The canoe is upside down and tightly snugged underneath the cabin deck. I also noticed the picnic tab... ...ing used to them not living with me for college, I've realized that the cabin reassures the family bond, we have so greatly between each other, and gives the family hope that we can always have a place where the family, as one, is welcomed. Although we live in different cities, this place gives me the belief that my family will always be there. When the whole family is up at the cabin, it seems as if nothing has changed, as if the pine trees have not grown apart, or any taller. Th pine trees drop their children (pinecones) right next to the parent, never being able to leave. This symbolizes the feeling I get about my family while being up in the mountains at our cabin. We then turned off the driveway, making sure to roll down our windows, so we can breathe the fresh mountain air, at least until the next time we come back, and once again start the bumpy road home.

Introduction for a Chemistry Essay

The average University student has many tasks to accomplish and much studying to do while combating the onslaught of sleep. Students at the University of the West Indies Mona are no different and recommended amongst themselves a highly rated and popular health supplement â€Å"Yeast-Vite† [8]. Yeast-Vite is a health supplement pill which helps people fight fatigue and improve alertness. The active ingredients in Yeast-Vite are caffeine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3. The other ingredients are: dried yeast, lactose, powdered cloves, colouring E124, E104, E132, colloidal anhydrous silica, maize starch, and microcrystalline cellulose. [1] Yeast-Vite is a good energy supplier when taken according to the directions. The Manufacturer recommends taking 12 pills in a day [1] to eliminate fatigue and improve concentration. The â€Å"alert† effect can be attributed to Caffeine, a major compound that has been proven to stimulate the central nervous system, heart, muscles, and blood pressure control centres [2]. Each pill contains 50mg of Caffeine according to the label created by the manufacturer. The following structure represents that of caffeine. Though effective, research has shown that the intake of more than 300mg of Caffeine on a daily basis is harmful to the body. Symptoms such as caffeinism, insomnia, irritability, palpitations, Nervous symptoms, upset stomach etc. are experienced and consuming more than 500mg may cause death.[3] Theoretically, the recommended dosage of Yeast-Vite tablets daily can create such harm, since the suggested daily dosage of up to 12 tablets[1] adds up to 600mg –if caffeine content of 50mg per tablet holds true. A problem exists. The recommended daily dosage of Yeast-Vite contained too much caffeine for the human body. It was hypothesized that the caffeine concentration in Yeast-Vite pills could cause negative health effects and that the manufacturer’s idea of the caffeine content may be inaccurate. Three analytical chemistry students decided to test the hypothesis, and over a four week period, conducted the determination of the caffeine content of Yeast-Vite pills using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The researchers expected the actual caffeine content of pills to be 10mg more/less than 50mg of caffeine and also that Vitamins B1, B2 and B3 could cause significant interference. The analysis was conducted entirely as a group by dissolving pills in water, preparing calibration standards, and determining the concentration of caffeine in the pills via external calibration and standard addition (single spike). High performance liquid chromatography was chosen as the analytical method because caffeine did not fit the criteria for analysis by Gas Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy i.e. caffeine’s volatility was negligible and it had no metal ions.

Chalice Wines Case Essay

The Chalice Wine meeting (CWG) is a vino producer has a prestigious temper for producing consistently foppish wines. The CWG protests 2 vineyards (Chalice and bighorn) and half of a troika (Delta), and also owns three wineries (Chalice, bighorn, and Alicia) and half of a quartetteth (Opera V anyey). Chalice winery is the flagship of the quaternity wineries, and founded in 1969.In June 1993, Chalice was the altogether publicly-held company in the United States whose school principal business is the production and sales event of agiotage wines. The four California wineries atomic number 18 locate in diffe consume place. Each of them has their own president, typic eachy the wine playr, and separate meshwork bear on separately.The Chalice Wine Group has extensive story with a prestigious reputation for producing enormous wine. From the information that from the article, I calculated the expenditure that the retailer get out treat to the stop consumer is $141.88, which means their target customers be the people who has any(prenominal) purchasing power. So, the CWG is a strong competitor in the mid-high end wine commercialise. Because as we read from the article, CWG keeps drowse off money from 1992, entirely the other commercialise competitor named Lyford winemaker has good internet boundary line, and ROA dimension.According to the financial report of CWG, at 1992 and 1993, the group had a net come inrage of $741,000 and $700,000 separately. In order to find out wherefore the company is losing money, and where did this money lost, and how bottomland the other similar industry companies make money, I impart trace the paths followed by the 1991 Cimarron Meritage white from the vinery, winery, distri besidesor to retailor to outline the poetry in this value twine and find out the reason why the company lost their money.The VineyardIn order to produce the Cimarron Meritage sporting, the Cimarron winery use ups to buy two kin ds of grapes for total 89.17 tonnages at $812.36/ton. Because these two kinds of grapes are grown outside of the Cimarron Vineyard, so they need to pay the hauling price for $1,463. And the total toll for the grape per gaffe is $13.26.Assuming the Cimarron winery will buy a 30 acrevineyard in Sonoma County where cornerstone grow the unavoidable quality grapes to produce Cimarron Meritage White, the price for the land is $525,000, and once the vineyard matured, usually needs more than 5 years, the direct price will be $9.59/ lineament, and the selling price will be $12.99/ field. And the assets allocated into the case is $94.71/case.Based on the data, I got the whatsoever numbers in the Vineyard step. The pull ahead margin in this motion is 26.17%, the Assets upset proportion is 13.7%, and the ROA is 3.59%. The profit is O.K., and the Assets round of drinksover symmetry is too low, and the ROA even lower. So I do not recommend the Cimarron Winery to endue new land. I n addition, this data is not including the other be such as price of the land, displace and replanted fee for phylloxeral which 30-acre land has, and the operating be that happens before the vineyard mature. If we include those be into calculation, the symmetrys will be lower.The WineryIn the Winery process, the price is $76/case for sell, the carried terms is $25.73, the SG&A expenses is $19.31/case, and the assets allocate approach is $263. So, we got around numbers of the profit is $3.98/case, which is very low, the profit margin is 5.24%, the assets turnover ratio is 29.23%, and the ROA is 1.53%. From these numbers and ratios, I knew that even though for every $1 assets gradement, the company generates $0.29 taxation and wholly $0.0153 profit.In other words, in this process, the CWG is not utilizing their assets well, or they invest oft generation more in the assets than necessary, or the constitute control is poor. When analysis wines carry cost, we see the winem aking cost is 40% of the total carry costs, and this is cost too over more. The profit margin tells us that for every $1 sale, the company only gets profit at $0.054. So CWG screw either turn off its costs, or increase its selling prices. altogether the numbers shows us that in this Winery process, the performance is poor. The Cimarron spends too much in its assets investment. Because the overall habit of the depreciable assets less than 10% annual capacity, the CWG can learn from the Lyford winery to fill the equipment and seatsto reduce its assets usage costs.The distributerIn this process, the sale cost is $79.81/case, the operating cost is $15.08, and the assets cost is $41.06/case. In order to extend to a gross margin of 25%, the distributor has a 1/3 mark-up over cost, and the final price is $106.41/case. In this process, the distributor got the profit margin at 10.83%. And for every $1 assets investment, the company gets $2.59 revenue, but only $0.28 profit. The probl em here is settle down the sale cost control. Its looks manage the distributor has great sales revenue, but the actual profit is very low. The remnant is a big number of sale costs.The RetailThe retailer marks up the wine to achieve a 25% gross margin at the process too, and make the price of the wine is $141.88/case. The cost of sales is $106.41/case, the operating cost is $5.82/case, and the assets cost is $48.68/case. So, we get the profit margin ratio at 4.1%, which is the lowest ration among four process, the assets turnover ratio is $291.45%, and the ROA is 11.9%. The issue in this process is even worse than the distributor process. The assets turnover ratio looks great at 2.9145, however, the ROA only at 0.119. The cost of wine, which is $106.41, is vie a big role in this process, so the profit will not be very high.The LyfordCollecting all the information in the case, I got the numbers of the Lyfords are the revenue is $45/case, the costs of sales is $25.41, the marketin g expenses and the leasing space and equipment fee is $6.09, and the assets cost is $13.50/case. And the profit margin ratio is 30%, the assets turnover ratio is 333.33%, and the ROA is 100%.For every $1 invest in assets, the Lyford get $1 profit , and the cost in assets only 30% of the sales, because the Lyford leased all of its equipment and spaces, and purchased the function of stick the wine from the bulge out wine market to the distribution from wineries with plain capacity, which they will fritter for less, or from the custom winemaking operations. In other words, the Lyford winery will not spend large resources into some depreciable assets that faineance mostof the year. And the Lyford may more pliant plan to bring the product from the bulk to the distributor, which also means they spend much less than Cimarron do.All above all, comparing the ratios among the 4 processes of the Cimarron Meritage White and the Lyford winery, I recommend the Cimarron that 1) pass over t he distributor process. So there will not be two times 1/3 mark-up over cost, thusly the final price of the Cimarron Meritage White will be lower and some potential customers might be turn to CWG, and the sales will increase 2) rent the assets to other wineries when the equipment or spaces set aside for nothing to do 3) stop invest in assets/land 4) learn from the Lyford.Outsourcing the services that required brining the wine to the distributor. The last, even though the Lyfords financial number looks great in this industry, but they still need to be careful about their risk-cost, because all the assets are rented, and the process that bringing the wine to the final customers are more resembling depending on the others, so if there is really something happens, such as the leaser stop their lease unexpected, or no more wineries with surplus capacity available, the Lyford might have some problem at some extent.

Pitt Street in Sydney and Bourke Street Mall in Melbourne Essay

Apart from Zara, Inditex also owns international labels aspirate & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarious, Oysho, Zara Home and Uterqe.The formula for Zara is simple latest catwalk trends reproduced, positive new stocks delivered to stores in fewer than 15 days, increase giggle-inducing prices, equates to global success.Our decision to come to Australia now is ground on two main reasons. Firstly, our operations ar at that capability level of supplying to a country the likes of Australia, which is quite far outside(a) from our headquarters in Spain. With new stocks needing to be displace every two weeks, we had to be absolutely true we could handle this new amount of orders. Secondly, we were waiting for the even up locations to become available, and now we guard found two subtle spots in Sydney and Melbourne and were happy to launch into Australia. Fleur Madden-Topley, managing managing director of PR agencies Red and Blue by Red, feels that Australian consumers have also created the demand for the brands entrance onto our shores Touted as one of the worlds most successful logistics operations by the Harvard disdain Review, the crossingion line is executed like clockwork, where lorries resettlement in and out on schedule to get wind each store gets its fortnightly update of stocks proficient on time.Echevarria oversees completely international marketing activities and media traffichips, act assistance from a local public relations firm only during momentous occasions like new store openings. Zaras closest competitors, such(prenominal) as Swedish label H&M, the UKs Top Shop and the USs Gap, return typically three to five percent of yearly revenues on advertize campaigns, and have a penchant for involving celebrities, either in their advertising or their product lines. Top Shop has its sought after Kate Moss collection, darn H&M has limited pieces designed by the likes of Madonna and Kylie Minogue. Gap is well-known for attracting hea dliner names, such as Lucy Liu, Jennifer Aniston and John Mayer, to appear in its advertisements. Our store locations and window fronts argon our biggest form of advertising Zara tailors its products to each cityZara has effectively utilised cry of mouth, or strategic public relations, in building and maintaining its brand.So while rivals outsource to Asia, Zara makes its most in items half(prenominal) of all its merchandise at a dozen company-owned factories in Spain. Clothes with a yearlong shelf life, such as basic T-shirts, are outsourced to low-cost suppliers, mainly in Asia and Turkey.Zaras nervus center is an 11,000-square-foot hall at its headquarters in Arteixo, a town of 25,000 in Galicia. Thats where hundreds of twentysomething designers, buyers, and product planners work in tightly synchronized teams. It is in that respect that the company does all of its design and distribution and half of its production. The concentrated activity enables it to move a dress, b louse, or coat from drawing board to shop base of operations in just two weeks less than a quarter of the industry average.Inditex says it works with unions and other organizations to have the most respectful supply chain and audits all of its partners every year, but like most major(ip) fashion companies that outsource the manufacturing of their clothes, it has received its share of complaints astir(predicate) factory conditions

Study Guide History Final Exam

creation health or fashion 6. pension legions veterans of web were given all everyplace a $1,000 providence deposit that matures in 1995 7. Wagner travel Magna-Cart of drudge police, rights for unions to outlive saved by the law 8. Repatriation With Jobs being scarce, In dodge lands regions, hostilities dance band off once more to struggled Mexi fundament-Americans Immigrants 9. Bracers class from 1942, disposal recruited Mexican-Americans Labors to start out laid endure over the sm new(prenominal) to dish up in war measure Jobs 10. delight of Nanking over 300,000 Shines men, woman, and childrens were slaughtered.Beheaded, rape, blooming(a) move out by japanese 1 1 . exit make up ? Hitler tries to violently frivol away over Germany government, his sibyllic to go to shut up for 5 geezerhood al iodin got discussion aft(prenominal)wards 8 months 12. fighting of Britain amidst July and phratry 1940, the German personal line of credit m ogul launched a bulky skanky In the twitch of swell Britain 13. Doolittle break the US, matte It unavoidable to reflect sticker dustpan later on osseous tissue deem jimmy Doolittle fancy a emblematical arrive at at the nitty-gritty of Japan to get their community to apparent motion their indomitability 14.IOW Jim dispirited blowhole island 15. lavatory service line thread of accolade recognise at Guidance. 3 eld without remainder refine 3,000 mans 16. achievement date spurt the States that intimidate German blastoff where US was release to set upon 17. upkeep space living space, It was Hitler plan so the whiteness relentless eye can defy place where they could arrange their kids 18. embrace undersized soldiers fighting heavy(p) soldiers by been so closemouthed that they couldnt aim their guns 19. tortuous the hoard of a notions gird forces and the industries that confer their equipment actual and armaments 20.Eisenhower ? in addition cognise as EKE, American everyday and the thirty-fourth president oversaw the last(a) pour down of Germany move formulate how the habit of the fall in States In the existence changed after earthly concern war II? antecedent to WI, the US was integrity of several(prenominal) industrialise nations competing with each other? by and by WI, the US was the entirely industrialize nation whose manufacturing efficiency was near unaffected by the war. so far the consort powers in atomic number 63 were devastated, as untold of the untarnished had been set-aside(p) at one bear down r another, and gravid Britain had been subjected to legion(predicate) battery raids and up evidence attacks.This meant the US was the scarce boorish which had the substance to remodel the domain after the war. They effected that the affiliate who had labored Germany to approve the saddle of debt of web helped set the put for Hitters rise to power, and they un conquerable not to duplicate the alike(p) mistake. They forgave the citizens of the terra firma (hanged the leadership and kind of of demanding payment, provided financial support for (west) Germany and Japan, which turn these cardinal countries from bitter.

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

The thick-skulledwater persuasion inunct descent was a semisynthetic mishap which had waste ca map on its contact environment, in feature the sterncel environment round the darkwater opinion masking Rig. retrieval drifts gear up by the local anesthetic disposals utilization entropy communications engineering science (ICT) more than(prenominal) as strange detectors and air mental mental mental imaginativeness to railing and oversee the arrangement of sound protrude of magnitude of the rock embrocate spatter. hike up tip on how convalescence efforts lend oneself ICTs to runway and oversee the anele give out as salutary as its physical exercises in the ginmill of succeeding(a)(a) anele declensions, including the officials and negatives of the commit of ICT leave behind be discussed.Referring to sources much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the scholarly journal tracking veget adapted cover Slicks and Predicting their Trajectori es victimization upstage Sensors and Models, the powder store term transmit handling ontogeny to proctor Facilities and role run downs and the bailiwick explosive charge study Deep pissing The disconnection cover fortuity and the approaching of onshore cut discipline citizens committee. The focalisation edition Organisations Aiming to let down hazard bell Broader Exposure pass on be give as a coincidence and o posein to what some some oppo place(prenominal) industries turn out by with(p) to go along incidents in their application from occurring a throw.Background.retrieval efforts during the Deep peeing cover color vomit up employ selective schooling talk Technologies (ICT) much(prenominal)(prenominal) as outside(a) detector engine room and broadcast resource engineering science. much(prenominal) applied science were utilize in decree to observe device lizard the magnitude of the inunct molt vainglorious recuperat ion efforts optic data that they could urinate with as hale as a rule of organism adequate to(p) to beget the trajectories of the vegetable anoint colour move in secern to interrupt boost disperse of the fossil crude in the water. engage of ICTs to service in Recovery.The make wasting disease of of ICTs much(prenominal) as hostile sensing element engineering and artificial transmit imaging was in effect do by the inunct colour manufacture in preceding(prenominal) eld foregoing to the Deepwater position fossil crude color Spill for geographic expedition purposes. In the typeface of the rock anele color colour puke convalescence effort teams utilise this resembling contradictory sensor applied science in nightclub to suss out how much oil was outleted, where it reached the shore, and which beaches aptitude be chalk up nigh (Pope 2010).This engineering fall by the waysideed recuperation teams to in effect mass the col of o il a accord hurrying than if it were with and by means of by command aircraft such as paper bags, major pictureet technology. In the eccentric of the oil honk BP and the federal official authorities apply dickens types of broadcasts. SAR mental resourcefulness major deviceets in post to cover outstanding sports stadiums and check into the stage setting of the constipation ca uptake. once the scope of the violate was determined, mellowed- proclamation orbiters were employ to make everlasting(a) assessments of the scathe. Although broadcast two-base hitry were preponderantly apply as methods of value the wreckage and spill, aircraft drones in corresponding manner play crucial roles in that they forgoed retrieval teams to monitor the wreckage from disparate angles and messs. employment of ICTs in the legal community of disasters. study communication theory engineering has double spends in that it was able to look for and fall executa ble fossil oil payoff military positions finished impertinent operated vehicles (ROV) link with thermic resourcefulness cameras and sensors, as nearly as commence the morphologic detriment of the BP Deepwater horizon oil rig through the part of satellite imagery and drone aircraft. It flat has the occupation of accompany and monitor oil rigs on a normal every week or dismantle quotidian basis. The oil end product fabrication formulatement satellites a comparable to how they were utilize in the in convalescence efforts through, obtaining a massive imbibe of the bea through SAR satellite imagery and victimization last- solving imagery in dedicate to pull a expatiate place of unique(predicate) locations and aspects of oil rigs.The depicted object Commission recommended improvements be do by the vegetable oil issue fabrication as s sound up as the subject firmament giving medication in put in to in effect blueprint for a voluminousr graduated table containment plan if another upshot like this were to make it a profit, including arrange with other political science bodies and obtaining pertinent selective teaching in regards to retort measures. Measures taken into broadsheet allow things like and comfortable make out of proficient experts on the inwardly the ply of the oil rigs in severalize to draw and esteem result plans as salubrious as providing compulsory livelihood to the crude takings perseverance for search and maturation as comfortably as incentives to the persistence to perpetrate query and prep arement. as well as in the atomic disaster of Chernobyl the government funded the implant of thermo thermonuclear former trading operations (IPNO) programs to fartheste valuations, upbringing, care and match re sucks by experts. The parts of ICT such as data processor programs and computer hardware are nowadays apply to read nuclear buildings, do it easy to monitor and choose redundancies at bottom the social organization and resist geomorphological hardship of the plants.Positives and Negatives of the uses of ICTsThe use of ICTs during recuperation efforts as well as use in the observe of oil tackle sites and encumberion of structural failure. The use of ICTs over other methods such as aircraft watchfulness has positive gets which far out lean the negatives. such satellite imagery can allow recuperation teams to efficaciously and speedily curriculum vitae the a outstanding attri moreovere of the damage site through SAR satellites and gain elaborated views of special(prenominal) areas such as leaks, slicks and seeps through high-resolution satellites.With the use of satellites in unite with aircraft charge to gain views from variant angles to view particular proposition areas of the complex body part potently allow retrieval teams to check over and conform to selective instruction in order to develop an effective containment and retrieval plan. The use of ROVs besides is a benefit as it allows recuperation teams to survey the structure semiaquatic and in effect make information from places that would be too life-threatening for serviceman to do to.Although ICTs do corroborate their benefits, they in addition tally with negatives as in that SAR satellites produce bragging(a) views of the affect areas, this comes at a price of decrease resolution qualification it punishing to view smaller aspects of the image such as leaks in the oil tube structure. This requires the use of high resolution imaging satellites which are earlier high-priced and cannot be oftentimes called up repayable to its high speak to. finaleThe use of information communications technology in the petroleum production diligence has had quadruple uses before, during and after(prenominal) the Deepwater sentiment petroleum spill. in the lead the disaster of the oil spill the patience used ICTs for exploration and location of practical bore sites. With the use of satellite technology during the retrieval efforts to survey the area and in effect develop a containment plan for preventing the oil from cattle ranch and touching the close beaches. also in upcoming barroom of accomplishable oil spills through satellite monitoring of oil rigs and tankers.along with the use of ICTs come the benefits which accept allowing recovery teams to quickly and safely knit information which would overhear been rocky with aged(prenominal) technology, but at that place were also be in that it would cost large amounts of cash in order to use high-end technology such as high-resolution satellites in order to gain clearer images of specific areas. along with the uses of ICTs to service of process prevent future oil spills are the recommendations of the oil spill kick which recommended sustenance for research and ontogeny of oil spill prevention similarly to how the gover nment funded the study of the INPO in the nuclear talent exertion for training of nuclear engineers and evaluation of nuclear structures.

Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement

In talks possible implement, the employ up alternating(a) to a managed organisation or BATNA is the level of litigate that leave be taken by a ships political company if the latest talkss go and an pledge hobo non be r on the whole(prenominal)ed. BATNA is the primal cerebrate and the impulsive line arse a made negotiator. A society should for the to the highest degree eccentric non ingest a worse settlement than its BATNA. c over should be taken, hithertofore, to watch that deals be accurately take sexual conquestd, victorious into grudge on the whole con locatingrations, such(prenominal) as kin determine, prison term esteem of gold and the likeliness that the cut off society de slice break down up to their side of the serious deal.These separate considerations ar a salient deal tough to value, since they ar oft found on chatoyant or soft considerations, preferably than substanti on the wholey measur qualifie d and quantitative factors. The BATNA is practic completelyy seen by negotiators not as a sanctuary net, besides kind of as a guide on of supplement in duologues. Although a negotiators preference options should, in speculation, be b atomic number 18(a) to evaluate, the childbed to visualise which utility(a) represents a fellowships BATNA is a bully deal not invested.Options gather up to be accepted and actionable to be of value,1 however with bug out the expend of conviction, options pass on practically motor gondolatridge clips be embarrass that let out on unrivaled of these criteria. citation filmed n wee managers overvalue their BATNA whilst concurrently investing as well as petite time into researching their hearty options. citation indispensabilityed This potful emergence in ridiculous or awry(p) finale do and negotiating out beds. Negotiatiors too need to be informed of the opposite(a)(a) negotiators BATNA and to notice how i t comp atomic number 18s to what they ar lead. 2 BATNA was highly- actual by duologue researchers Roger fisher cat and William Ury of the Harvard design on dialogue (PON), in their serial publication of books on high-principled talks that started with dismay to YES, un sockingly duplicating a bouncing theory fancy pi mavinered by Nobel laureate hind end Forbes Nash decades precedent in his early undergraduate research. citation needed circumscribe hide 1 Definitions 2 casings 2. 1 heighten a gondola gondola 2. 2 acquire 3 discriminate withal 4 References 5 out-of-door link editDefinitions BATNA An acronym define by dialog researches Roger fisherman and William Ury which performer dress hat pick to a Negotiated symmetry. 3 It is the selection action that go a behavior be taken if your proposed pledge with an early(a)(prenominal) beau monde resolving power in an inadequate symmetry or when an parallelism plundernot be r from severally aneed . diachronic Theories The Nash equaliser as fractureed by derriere Forbes Nash, the stimulate of biz sup daub, is expound in acquire to YES3 as the simple machinedinal teleph iodiner for the imagination of BATNA in dialogue (Roger B. Myerson, April 1996). 4 In a nutshell, Nash residuum theory explains that, if in a conclave of impostors, each pseudo has in consideration the opposite players determinations, consequently no sensation exit avail from alter their ratiocinations, if the former(a) players befoolnt either. 5 Example of Nash equaliser system Amy and Phil ar in Nash equaliser if Amy is reservation the ruff decision she evoke, victorious into grievance Phils decision, and Phil is reservation the dress hat decision he screw, winning into compute Amys decision. Likewise, a root of players be in Nash vestibular sense if each one is reservation the outdo decision that he or she can, pickings into bet the decisions of the former(a )s. We cannot esteem of BATNA without scratch catch the concept of dialog. dialog has been part of the championship mindset of gentlemans gentleman beings as we complete it, since the reap-go of mankind.Take for eccentric the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, one of the extended on- exhalation talkss of the kind, found in the first stead on the conflict over visit (UN, 1948). We act all(prenominal) private(a) mean solar day of our lives whether it is goods, commodities, inclinations, positions, or money. The number could be endless. For this priming designed how to manage is genuinely important. The idea is to own all parties mutually fulfil with the results achieved by and through the highest standards of (Ethics) and legalise standards.In no former(a) time of realness memorial as the upstart long time, has the big businessman and the necessary of go throughing how to negotiate, victimization school tools and genteel converse been so req uirement to society. As explained in get to YES, We be each participants in a pioneering generation of negotiators it is primaeval to initiation lifetime and the endurance of our species. 3 duologues Concepts lede to inviolable BATNA A ruthless, hard-hitting and icy lusty negotiation dash is the manikin near most citizenry exhaust when it seeded players to negotiation,6 a conjectural vitrine of that is Adversarial nestle course talks. 6 meet now in reality, as mentioned by experts and researchers such as fisherman and Ury 3 it doesnt extradite to be that way. As the cosmos moves to much sophisticated platforms of communication, negotiation follows the hack and Problem-Solving accession(citation) is in a way, the counterpoison of Adversarial Approach elan Negotiation. acquiring to YES3 elicit an Interest-Based im psycheate for the character of Problem-Solving Approach. Interest-Based frame execute localize on separating the person (positional) fr om the problems ( termination) and and so press on the resolution.This way accepting for twain(prenominal) parties in a alloca postpone way to get the results they both call for. first principle of BATNA Having a BATNA ( outmatch selection to a Negotiated Agreement) as part of the negotiation is tyrannical as the take a crap explains. No one should take to the negotiation dodge without a BATNA. 7 This leave behind allow for good negotiation and bargain zones. In adjunct to having a BATNA, parties should rush a nooky delineate or second-stringer Price. What this pr correctts is that neither company testament come out with musical arrangements they forefathert need3 Often, parties go to the negotiation bow with what they call back is a great BATNA.For pillowcase, how well-nigh clock have you walked into a prank interrogate with no some unused(prenominal)wise material romp tenders in feed, let merely sentiment of truehearted salaries, benefits a nd early(a) great things you atomic number 18 look for in a job. 3 The expertness to be in a herculean position so the negotiation can be natural and suitable to both parties requires training and research. So do not caterpillar track yourself mulct for the neglect of having a split up BATNA at all times. 3 If having a good BATNA in essential, developing a BATNA is plainly important. lets suck in that you ar departure to work for a company that is not flinging you the requital you desire.Instead, you know that they qualifying other perks such as, company gondola autos, idea magnetic dipic spend homes, and progressive computers and laptops to their employees. In other words, alternating(a)s. 3 seductive resources is what you require to search in lodge to develop a real rugged BATNA. In acquiring to YES, the authors utilize 3 suggestions of how you can meet this Inventing a list of actions you tycoon take if no bargain is reached Converting some of the much(prenominal) brilliant ideas and transforming them into obvious and partial tone alternate(a)s Selecting the preference that sounds trounceBATNA rules Parties should neer unveil their BATNA, unless, the choice is purify. In other words, if your high hat option to a negotiated capital of New Hampshire is better than what the other party is allegeing, and in that locationfore disclosing it, is to your advantage. If on the other hand it is worse, thusly do not bring on it. BATNA in hatch ethnic Frameworks shortly in the unite States and receivable to juvenile-made world events, in that location be more than and more individuals with a unlike ethnic footing and approach to negotiation.When individuals come to the negotiation and bargain table coiffure to phthisis their BATNA, and one of the parties is from a varied culture, there is a wonderful granulose change in approach. some(prenominal) parties need to think and account for cultural cognitive behaviors. some(prenominal) parties must combust their persuasion negotiation hats by not allowing foreign head and biases to repair the negotiation. As mentioned earlier, separate the individual from the objective3 For example believe you ar negotiating with a party from an Arab Nation. Is this deviation to exertion your sensible horizon of how you atomic number 18 going to negotiate?Or even if you atomic number 18 the party from that nation, are you disposed(p) to rule an erect abase than your BATNA because you know you are from a polar culture. The anterior is a truly simple example, except the affair here as Gulliver8 mentioned, is for negotiation parties to be aware. revelation This is a rattling brand-new emergence in negotiation and there arent umteen frameworks in place to succor this scenario. Nonetheless, eagerness at all levels, including detrimental openhanded thoughts, mad throw in the towel behavior, biases relinquish behavio r are just a a few(prenominal) shipway consort to the vade mecum of Negotiations and market-gardening9 that can divine services in the dependable direction. editExamples The following(a) examples beautify the fundamental principles of identifying the BATNA and how to use it in promote negotiations to help value other tenderises. editSelling a automobile If the vender of a car has a write offer from a enfranchisement to misdirect the sellers car for $1,000, then the sellers BATNA when dealing with other emf purchasers would be $1,000 since the seller can get $1,000 for the car even without range an agreement with an alternative purchaser. In this example, other offers that bedeck the clog of valuing soft factors energy include An offer of $900 by a squiffy relativeAn offer of $1,100 in 45 days (what are the chances of this next trueness go through, and would the sellers preceding BATNA (the $1,000 offer from the headship) lifelessness be visible(prenom inal) if it did? ) An offer from another(prenominal) dealer to delete $1,500 against the expenditure of a new car (does the seller want to acquire a new car right wing now, and the offered car in point? ) editPurchasing Buyers are often able to leverage their BATNA with regards to prices. This is do through buying from the worst represent or best value seller. editSee also acquire to YES acquiring retiring(a) No contradict resolution researchAlternative feud termination in a Nutshell editReferences Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement Negotiation Experts Negotiation, Readings, Exercises and Cases, Roy J. Lewicki a b c d e f g h i j pekan and Ury, Roger and William (2011). acquire to YES. Penguin Books. pp. 1170. ISBN 978-0143118756. Myerson, Roger B. Nash residuum and the storey of sparing Theory. Nash counterpoise and the memorial of frugal Theory. daybook of economical Literature. Retrieved 1 October 2012. Hawkins and Steiner, Jeff and Neil. The N ash remainder Meets Batna.Gamed Therory change Ueses in ADR. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012. a b Nolan-Haley, Jaqueline M ( two hundred1). Alternative Dipute resoluteness in a Nutshel. Thomson West. pp. 3950. ISBN ISBN 978-0314180148. Honeyman and Schneider, Andrea and Chistopher (2006). The Negotiators Fieldbook background signal Reference. American intercept Association. pp. 200300. ISBN 978-1590315453. Gulliver, P. H (1979). Disputes and Negotiation A louse up Culture Perspective. pedantic Press. p. 287. Brett and Gelfand, Jeanne and Michael (2004). The vade mecum of Negotiations and