Beyond Disciplinary Confinement And Imaginative...

Osazuwa Osayomwanbor 200345160 Sociology/Social Studies Reading Summary (SOST 801) Topic: Beyond Disciplinary Confinement to Imaginative Transdisciplinarity. INTRODUCTION The society today is faced with various problems. Some have always been there, others are new to us, yet others have evolved from their older modes and taken new dimensions. For example we are not strangers to issues of democratization, but certainly are faced with the changing mode of war and terrorism. And then, new issues may include climate change. Whatever the category, man’s eternal struggle is to be able to resolve the issues that confront or threaten its existence. To do this man depends on knowledge gained from studying the problems. However, as problems evolve, they seem to become resistant to existing approaches, or at least, we seem not to be able to resolve them using existing approaches. Thus those problems become wicked problems. In this chapter, we discuss how such problems can be resolved using transdisciplinary approach. WHY TRANSDICIPLINARITY? The relevance of the transdisciplinarity approach is seen in the nature of the problem. Since problems are now multidimensional, then we agree that a single approach will not sufficiently resolve it (Brown 2010:16). Hence we need a transdiciplinary approach. In chapter two of Brown (2010:16), there are some other reasons why we need a transdiciplinary approach to wicked problems. They are: 1. Existing scientific approaches are to specialized or

Career Plan Building Activity Reasoning Aptitude Free Essays

Completing the Career Plan Reasoning Aptitude Survey my profile shows that I could work well in careers where success comes from applying practical skills and where thinking is used mostly to solve practical problems. It also states that I am likely to be attracted to very practical jobs and careers. There are two tabs, Strengths and Opportunities for the results of the Reasoning Aptitude Survey. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Aptitude or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first tab Strengths has five bars and out of five bars I received three for each of the six categories. The six category results show I focus on customer needs and satisfaction, sets high standards for both quality and quantity, works in an orderly way, and achieves project goals. I show an interest in new experiences, I am punctual, follows instruction, safety instructions and requirements of their role, adapts to changing circumstances, and I adapt interpersonal style to suit different people or situations. The next tab is opportunities and there are also 5 bars for score and six categories, on opportunities I received one bar out five and I am unable to get the results to these categories. My thinking style can help influence my approach to arguments by being more in tune with the different ways people understand and learn things and how I approach these methods of understanding. Consider how to best respond to others whether it is information for a meeting or another co worker and evaluate how each person will receive the information. By learning how to approach others and understand how each person learns will allow me to be able to communicate persuasively with others and build a rapport with others. How to cite Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Aptitude, Papers

The Nurse, Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

The nurse is the Capulet’s servant, a faithful servant who tries her hardest to please Juliet and the rest the Capulet’s at the same time. The nurse is also a very important character in the play in the Capulet’s lives as she was hired for the job of breastfeeding Juliet, because she had unwanted breast milk due to the tragic loss of her little Susan; although she might just be another servant in the household, she has a far more superior responsibility. She plays an important role as Juliet’s confidant, and a crucial character that strongly influences Juliet’s thoughts and actions. The relationship between The Nurse and Juliet is even seen to be stronger than Juliet and her own mother’s relationship. We meet the nurse for the very first time in Act 1 scene 3, when lady Capulet announces to Juliet the marriage proposal of Lord Paris, and immediately we the nurse’s her loving side as she begins to talk about Juliet when she was a baby and gives a longwinded and explicit explanation on Juliet’s age, and that the death of Susan has bought her even closer to Juliet. â€Å"Even or odd, of all days in the year, Come Lammas-eve at night shall she be fourteen. Susan and she,God rest all Christian souls! Were of an age: well, Susan is with God; She was too good for me:but, as I said, On Lammas-eve at night shall she be fourteen; That shall she, marry; I remember it well. Tis since the earthquake now eleven years; And she was weand,I never shall forget it, Of all the days of the year, upon that day: For I had then laid wormwood to my dug, Sitting in the sun under the dove-house wall; My lord and you were then at Mantua: Nay, I do bear a brain:but, as I said, When it did taste the wormwood on the nipple Of my dug and felt it bitter, pretty fool, To see it tetchy, and fall out with the dug! Shake, quoth the dove-house: twas no need, I trow, To bid me trudge. And since that time it is eleven years; For then she could stand alone; nay, by the rood She could have run and waddled all about; For even the day before, she broke her brow: And then my husband,God be with his soul! A was a merry man,took up the child: Yea, quoth he, dost thou fall upon thy face? Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit; Wilt thou not, Jule? and, by my holidame, The pretty wretch left crying, and said Ay: To see now how a jest shall come about! I warrant, an I should live a thousand yeas, I never should forget it; Wilt thou not, Jule? quoth he; And, pretty fool, it stinted, and said Ay. † The whole marriage concept took Juliet by surprise, even though she is only the age of 13, she was extremely excited. Lady Capulet treats the proposal with a degree of strained delicacy; the nurse on the other hand offers a far more down to earth interpretation of what young men can do for young women. Her idea of men is that they just get women pregnant- â€Å"No less nay, bigger women brow by men. † Shakespeare’s play also shows that the nurse has a vulgar sense of humour, which brings out the naturalness of sex and childbirth, revealing her realistic attitude to love. ‘Go Girl; seek happy nights to happy days’. The Nurse also plays an extremely significant role between Romeo and Juliet’s relationship and marriage. At the Capulet ball the nurse was used to find out who Romeo was for Juliet. â€Å"Go ask his name† (Juliet) When Juliet falls for Romeo and asks the nurse to find out about him, it is notable that she is not drawn into Juliet’s confidence; this appears to be the first time Juliet has concealed any secrets from her. The same was with Romeo, he asked the nurse to find out about Juliet. She was also used by Juliet after the Caplet ball to communicate with Romeo, to send information from one of the lovers to the other, acting as a courier. She is quick to warn Romeo not to lead Juliet into a ‘fool’s paradise’’. This part of the play again expresses her and Juliet’s tender relationship. The nurse is looking out for Juliet to make sure she is not going to get hurt, because the nurse thinks Juliet is gentle and young. Despite the fact that Romeo was raised to hate Capulets and Juliet was raised to hate Montagues, they both still fall in love with one another. Act 2 Scene 5 shows a playful side of Juliet and the nurse’s relationship, as she teases Juliet for her own entertainment- when she comes back from delivering Juliet’s marriage proposal to Romeo, the nurse jokes around with Juliet saying that she is so tired and she is out of breath. â€Å"Do you not see that I am out of breath? † She then uses facial expressions to try to persuade Juliet that the news she has is bad â€Å"Though news be sad. The nurse continues to lead Juliet on even when Juliet becomes very impatient. â€Å"I am a weary, give me leave awhile. † And finally she tells Juliet she will be married today. Even though the nurse does not have much of a relationship with Romeo because he is a Montague and she works for the Capulet, she still creates a strong liking toward him. For example in Act 2 scene 5, the Nurse gives a Physical summary of Romeo, his face, his hand, his foot, and his body and then finishes by saying he is very gentle and that Juliet has made a good choice. Well, you have made a simple choice; you know not how to choose a man: Romeo! no, not he; rhough his face be better than any mans, yet his leg excels all mens; and for a hand and a foot, and a body,though they be not to be talked on, yet they are past compare: he is not the flower of courtesy,but Ill warrant him as gentle as a lamb. Go thy ways, wench; serve God. -What, have you dined at home? † In act 3 scene 2 the nurse brings Juliet the shocking news of Tybalt (Juliet’s cousin)‘s death, who was one of the few that showed the nurse respect. Tybalt, the best friend I had! † â€Å"Tybalt, honest gentleman† And so she again has turned against Romeo and curses Romeo, convinced that Juliet would share the same feeling. â€Å"Shame comes to Romeo. † But the nurse also brings Juliet the news of Romeo being exiled, because of his murdering of Tybalt. But Juliet loves Romeo so much that she forgives him because if Romeo did not kill Tybalt, Tybalt would have killed Romeo. The nurse thinks that Juliet is foolish and she should not cry for Romeo. ‘Will you speak well of him that killed your cousin? ’ In act 3 scene 5 the force of Juliet’s grief persuades the nurse to render a final act of assistance by fetching Romeo from the Friar’s cell. At first, she tries to defend Juliet, by warning Romeo and Juliet that Lady Capulet is coming, so Romeo could depart from Juliet’s bedroom. The Capulets come to Juliet’s room to inform that the marriage with Paris has been bought forward. Juliet then turns to the nurse in desperation. But the nurse forfeited and betrayed their relationship by telling Juliet to marry Paris, as he is ‘A man of wax’, even though she knew this is not what Juliet wants. I think it best if you married with the county’ As the nurse deceives Juliet, the only person Juliet can turn to now is Friar Lawrence. Unfortunately for the nurse, her last duty was to discover the supposedly dead Juliet, in act 4 scenes 5. The nurse takes Juliet’s ‘death’ very poorly, as much as Juliet’s mother and father. â€Å"She’s dead, deceas’d, she’s dead, alack the day! Lady Capulet Alack the day, she’s dead, she’s dead, she’s dead! † The nurse’s grief is intense and devastating, but the play suggests that it seems a fair price to pay for her betrayal to Juliet. Overall, the nurse possesses many qualities such as being very hearty towards Juliet, kind, protective, compassionate, she is a loyal and loving lady. But some parts of the play indicate she can also be long-winded, insensitive, arrogant, insecure and foolish at times. Her relationship with Juliet is especially strong, partially as she imagines that Juliet is a substitute for her own daughter Susan. As faithful as she is to the Capulets, yet she will usually do what she believes is right or what Juliet wants, like secretly meeting with Romeo and arranging the wedding for Romeo and Juliet.

Brave New World The Advancement of Science Essay Example For Students

Brave New World: The Advancement of Science Essay Brave New World: The Advancement of ScienceChristy Campbell Mrs. Doig Eng OAC 2 16 May, 1996When thinking of progress, most people think of advances in thescientific fields, believing that most discoveries and technologies arebeneficial to society. Are these advances as beneficial as most people think?In the novel Brave New World, the author Aldous Huxley, warns readers thatscientific advances can be a threat to society. This is particularly evident inthe fields of biology, technology and psychology. According to Huxley, Thetheme of Brave New World is not the advancement of science as such; it is theadvancement of science as it affects human individuals(Huxley CLC 79 290). One scientific advance of which Huxley warns readers of is that inbiology. In the setting of Brave New World, henceforth referred to as thereservation, the mass production of humans is accomplished with the Bokanovskyprocess. In this process, human beings are genetically engineered inlaboratories. a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds, and every bud will grow into a perfectly formedembryo, and every embryo into a full sized adult(Huxley Brave New World 4). One of the threats of this genetic breeding is that no family structures existon the reservation. Instead, humans are raised in conditioning centres. R.T. Oerton points out that Present knowledge indicates, for instance, that a childcannot be deprived of parents or parent figures, as were the children in BraveNew World, without suffering lasting pathological damage to hispersonality.(Oerton CLC 7 308). Another threat that the Bokanovsky processposes to society is that life is not highly valued. Murder kills only theindividual and, after all what is an individual? With a sweeping gesture he Mr. Foster, director of hatcheries and conditioning indicated the rows ofmicroscopes, the test-tubes, the incubators. We can make a new one with thegreatest ease-as many as we like(Huxley Brave New World 133). Human life holdsno value because it can be easily replaced through the Bokanovsky process. Furthermore, Bokanovskys method of mass production prevents individuality, ason the reservation, all people are cloned. Starting from the time of decanting,each embryo is genetically cloned to fall into one of the various social classes. Within each social class, all members are cloned to be intellectually andphysically equivalent. Biological technology helps to achieve this equality bygenetically shaping the minds of society. In Brave New World , onesintelligence depends on the amount of alcohol injected into their embryo. Forexample, one of the lower classes in society, Epsilons, have quite a high amountof alcohol injected in the decanting process. Mental faculty, therefore, ispredestined from the moment of cloning. By creating a world where humans aremass produced, Brave New World demonstrates that advances in biology can bedangerous if used without regard for the well being of the human race. According to Huxley, advances in technology can also be a threat to society. In Brave New World, everything is completely mechanized, eliminating the needfor creativity and imagination. Huxley warns us against mechanization, arguingthe machine dehumanizes men by demanding mechanical efficiency ofthem(Hillegas 114). Mans creativity is replaced with mundane tasks, becausemachines are able to do much of the work . The occupations available for peopleon the reservation, consist of repetitive mechanical operations. In Brave NewWorld, leisure activities are dominated by technology. The primary source ofentertainment is the feelies, a type of movie theatre in which all the sensesare artificially created. Instead of feeling the emotions portrayed on screen,the audience absorbs stimulated sensations. These stimulations prevent themfrom free thought, which threatens society by denying people from experiencingtheir own creativity and imagination. Furthermore, technology affectsentertainment by being incorporated into all games of play.Games consist ofadvanced technologi cal apparatus, and low organization, creating verysuperficial entertainment. According to Huxley, this frustrates one ofhumanitys vital needs to be creative. Men no longer amuse themselvescreatively but sit passively amused by mechanical devices(Hillegas 115). Amongtechnological advances, one danger Huxley warns of is the advance inpharmacology. In Brave New World, an artificial form of happiness is present ina drug called soma. Soma propels the user into a hallucinatory dream world,providing relief from negativity, allowing constant happinessPeople arerewarded for work by receiving rations of soma. The soma ration variesaccording to the social classes, with the lowest classes receiving the least,and the highest classes receiving the

How to Write an Essay?

How to Write an Essay?Students in school are being asked to write the written component of an iELTS part-time, since the course focuses on English language proficiency. However, writing is not as easy as one might think it to be. Learning how to write well is an important factor in one's overall success in a learning or test taking environment.Writing a good essay can become a daunting task if one has never done it before. This is why it is essential to work at writing and revise frequently so that one learns to do this task right. Students who are on a tight budget must learn to use their resources for this task. This article will discuss some tips for students to prepare a well-written, first draft for their essay.A student must consider the length of the essay to be written. If one wants to write it out quickly and efficiently, an iELTS course or their tutor can provide some tips on the length of their writing. In my opinion, the length of the essay should be two hundred words max imum. A shorter essay might not be clear to a reader, and some might not read it at all. To alleviate this problem, students can begin by making a list of their paper topics.Students can then narrow down their topic and start with writing a summary of each of these topics. After they have developed a basic outline, they can either join a private writing club or search for writing samples online. Often, students will be able to find free writing samples that they can study and learn from. Many teachers also prefer to include writing samples to help students learn the skills necessary to properly compose an essay.Students are also encouraged to utilize free resources to help them with their writing. On the internet, students will find tips on how to write a thorough research paper, short stories, and more. By being able to take advantage of these tips and finding some free writing samples online, students will learn to write effectively without costing them money.Writing an essay is n o different than writing any other assignment. One must always follow a template, structure and prepare a great first draft for their writing.Writing is a skill that can be taught to students easily. As long as they are prepared when they begin, they will learn how to write successfully. They can then save money and invest in the skills to learn to write an effective essay.

Frued As A Prism Essays - Political Ideologies, Anti-capitalism

Frued As A Prism Social Recognition of the Human Individual ?From the time of puberty onward the human individual must devote himself to the great task of freeing himself from his parents.? -Sigmund Freud (General Intro. to Psychoanalysis) As a child develops from infancy to adulthood, it soaks up its environment and processes it like a biological computer. As it matures, so does the way it copes with the challenges life presents to him. If the child has the opportunity to be well educated, than he may learn from his history studies, and begin to recognize the different patterns of thought that society has gone through. Perhaps he will learn from these patterns and make an effort to use his knowledge to prevent making many of the same mistakes in his daily life that men have made before. If he studies medieval Europe, he may become skeptical of his own faith. Resulting in his search for a new religion that he can believe in, rather than continue to blindly participate as a member of the faith his parents had chosen for him. If he were to study Imperialism in Europe, than perhaps he would join an athletic team. He would form strong bonds with those within the team, but hopefully he could learn from Europe's mistaken ext reme nationalism and sees that the best thing he can do for his team is remain an individual, not conform to some unwritten code. He would see that it is best to create one's own identity within a group. Perhaps he has read Erich Fromm, and sees that he must recognize himself as a separate entity apart from the world around himself. He individuates. The development of this boy into an individual is exactly what Sigmund Freud would describe as a healthy development toward the formation a personal identity. It is the interactions that take place between a developing individual (the boy) and the society in which that individual lives in which we find the essence of human existence. Man has under gone hundreds of years of dialectic thought, shifting paradigms and intellectual synthesis. Only to have the culmination of human progress come down to Sigmund Freud's recognition of the individual, (with individual thoughts, emotions, morals and experiences) create a singularity through which all future perception must travel through. To get a sense of what type of society Freud changed forever, one must first examine the society from the last major paradigm before Freud, as to understand the society's influences and biases. In 1789 the fruits of the Enlightened Age were ripe and the conditions in France were right for an explosion of enlightened ideals that would define the western world for the next two centuries. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity began as the cries of the French Revolution, but would go on to mold western society into its present day form. It was Napoleon who took the fruits of the revolution and planted them in the minds of people across Europe as he conquered eastward. Despite his failure to conquer Russia and his eventual defeat, the Napoleonic Wars are the most successful and influential campaigns in western history. Napoleon institutionalized l,e,f via his Napoleonic Code. Imagine the concepts of the revolution as fruit, and France as the original orchard where the fruit was bred over hundr ed of years into the perfect crop. Now picture Napoleon as this great farmer who plants the seeds of this fruit across the European landscape. The stage is now set for these seeds to fructify into the paradigm of the next era of western civilization. Throughout the 1800's each one of these concepts matured and ripened in the Industrial Revolution which acted as the fertilizer and the soil as it provided the nutrients in the form of the technology, class antagonism, as well as a modern insecurity of insignificance. Liberty became the most economical of the three fruitful ideals of the revolution. It was the emerging Bourgeois who first embraced it. They were an upper-middle class that was the product of the industrial revolution and its factory systems. These were the factory owners who sought nothing more than personal economical gain. Due to the restrictive economies of the early 1800's, they were vocal supporters of

Spanish Translation of To Turn

Spanish Translation of To Turn The verb turn is one of those verbs that has so many meanings that when translating to Spanish you may find it useful to try translating a synonym instead. For example, turn in The car turned into the driveway and turn in The caterpillar turned into a butterfly have such vastly different meanings that it wouldnt make sense to think that a single Spanish verb could be used both times in translation. As always, the principle here is to translate the meaning rather than the word. Although there are probably dozens of ways you might translate turn depending on the context, here are some of the most common: When turn or turn around means to rotate, girar or, less commonly, rotar can often be used. Venus, el segundo planeta, gira una vez cada 243 dà ­as terrestres. Venus, the second planet, turns around once every 243 Earth days. El monstruo tenà ­a una cabeza que rotaba 360 grados. The monster had a head that turned 360 degrees.  ¡Gira la ruleta para obtener un premio! Turn the roulette wheel to win a prize! Lo que sucede es que no gira la ruedita donde va el DVD. What happens is that the platter where the DVD goes isnt turning. Girar can also be used to refer to a change in direction, such as turning to the right or left. Los coches giraron bruscamente para evitar la colisià ³n. The cars turned abruptly in order to keep from crashing. Puedes girar a la derecha para ver una puerta cerrada. You can turn to the right in order to see a closed door. El presidente de la repà ºblica gira a la izquierda. The president of the republic is turning to the left. Torcer (related to the word torque) can sometimes be used for turn when it refers to twisting. Un poco ms arriba, la calle tuerce a la derecha de nuevo en un ngulo de 90 grados hacia el norte. A little bit higher, the street turns to the right again at an angle of 90 degrees toward the north. Inserta un tornillo en cada agujero y tuà ©rcelo para que los agujeros queden alineados unos con otros. Insert a screw in each hole and turn it so that the holes stay lined up with each other. When turn refers to change in nature rather than of direction, you can often use one of the verbs of becoming. Mi hijita ha llegado a ser un adulto. My dear daughter has turned into an adult. Justo cuando la oruga pensà ³ que el mundo habà ­a llegado a su fin, se convirtià ³ en una mariposa. Just when the caterpillar thought the world had come to an end, she turned into a butterfly. Marà ­a se puso triste al escuchar la cancià ³n escrita por su madre. Maria turned sad when she heard the song written by her mother. The phrase turn around, when it means facing the opposite direction, can often be translated by darse la vuelta. El hombre se dio la vuelta y mirà ³ a las montaà ±as. The man turned around and looked at the mountains. Wall Street se da la vuelta tras un buen dato de confianza del consumidor. Wall Street is turning around after upbeat data on consumer confidence. Turn down when referring to rejection can be translated with rechazar: Sin embargo, la empleada de la agencia me rechazà ³. Nevertheless, the employee at the agency turned me down. Turn on, when it means to switch on, can be translated as encender: El gobierno encendià ³ las luces como un regalo para el pueblo del Zulia. The government turned on the lights as a gift for the people of Zulia. But note that turn on can sometimes mean to turn against, which can be translated as volver(se) en contra or poner(se) en contra: La poblacià ³n local se volvià ³ en contra los alemanes. The local population turned against the Germans. Turn off, when it means to switch off, can be expressed with apagar: Voy a apagar la luz para pensar en ti. Im going to turn off the light to think about you. Turn in, when it means to hand over, can often be expressed using entregar: Necesito una cita para entregar mis papeles. I need an appointment to turn in my papers. But if it means to go to bed, you can use ir a la cama or acostarse: Me acosto a las diez. Im turning in at 10.